Judge flags legal 'investigative missteps' that may void charges against James Comey

Court found ‘disturbing pattern’ of investigative failures and possible misconduct by prosecutor Lindsey Halligan in case against James Comey
UPDATED NOV 17, 2025
A federal judge in Virginia cited missteps in the case involving former FBI Director James Comey, and questioned FBI and DOJ conduct that could lead to dismissal of charges (Getty Images)
A federal judge in Virginia cited missteps in the case involving former FBI Director James Comey, and questioned FBI and DOJ conduct that could lead to dismissal of charges (Getty Images)

ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA: A federal magistrate judge in Virginia on Monday, November 17, ordered prosecutors to turn over grand jury materials in the criminal case against former FBI Director James Comey

He said the government's conduct raises “genuine issues of misconduct” that could lead to the dismissal of all charges.

According to NBC News, in a sharply worded ruling, Magistrate Judge William Fitzpatrick said the relief Comey is seeking is “rarely granted,” but that the record shows “a disturbing pattern of profound investigative missteps” by both an FBI agent and a prosecutor that may have compromised the integrity of the grand jury process.

WASHINGTON, DC - JUNE 08: Former FBI Director James Comey testifies before the Senate Intelligence C
Former FBI Director James Comey testifies before the Senate Intelligence Committee on June 8, WASHINGTON, DC (Getty Images) 

Judge flags 'fundamental misstatements of the law'

Fitzpatrick cited multiple errors in the grand jury presentation, including statements made by Acting US Attorney Lindsey Halligan,  a former personal lawyer to President Donald Trump with no prior prosecutorial experience.

The judge wrote that he identified “two statements by the prosecutor to the grand jurors that on their face appear to be fundamental misstatements of the law,” raising doubts about whether the indictment was lawfully obtained.

The court also found apparent gaps in the transcript of the grand jury proceedings, despite Halligan’s claim, made under oath that all material had been provided.

Lindsey Halligan, attorney for U.S. President Donald Trump, looks on during an executive order signing in the Oval Office of the White House, on March 31, 2025 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Al Drago/Getty Images)
Lindsey Halligan, attorney for President Donald Trump, looks on during an executive order signing in the Oval Office of the White House, on March 31, 2025, in Washington, DC (Al Drago/Getty Images)

A separate federal judge in South Carolina had raised similar concerns last week while weighing whether Halligan should be disqualified due to questions about the legality of her appointment.

Fitzpatrick said the timing Halligan cited did not add up, suggesting either incomplete records or unprecedented irregularities in the indictment process.

“If this procedure did not take place, then the Court is in uncharted legal territory,” Fitzpatrick warned.

U.S. President Donald Trump takes a question from a reporter in the Roosevelt Room of the White House on March 3, 2025 in Washington, DC. Trump announced that Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, one of the largest manufacturers of semiconductor chips, plans to invest $100 billion in new manufacturing facilities in the United States. (Photo by Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)
President Donald Trump takes a question from a reporter in the Roosevelt Room of the White House on March 3, 2025, in Washington, DC (Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)

Judge criticizes the government’s conduct in this case

Fitzpatrick also criticized the government’s handling of potentially privileged attorney-client material, writing that the circumstances “establish a reasonable basis to question whether the government’s conduct was willful or in reckless disregard of the law.”

While noting that it is highly unusual for a defendant to obtain grand jury materials, Fitzpatrick said Comey had made a rare, fact-based showing that irregularities likely occurred and may justify dismissal of one or more charges.

Both Halligan’s office and the Justice Department declined to comment.

WASHINGTON, DC - JANUARY 29: U.S. President Donald Trump delivers remarks before signing the Laken Riley Act, the first piece of legislation passed during his second term in office, in the East Room of the White House on January 29, 2025 in Washington, DC. Jason Riley and Allyson Philips, the parents of 22-year-old Laken Riley, a University of Georgia nursing student who was murdered in 2024 by an undocumented immigrant, attended the signing ceremony. Among other measures, the law directs law enforcement authorities to detain and deport immigrants who are accused but not yet convicted of specific crimes, if they are in the country illegally. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)
President Donald Trump delivers remarks in office, in the East Room of the White House on January 29, 2025, in Washington, DC (Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)

Lindsey Halligan pushed ahead with the case after taking charge 

Trump appointed Halligan as acting US attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia in late September after former US Attorney Erik Siebert resigned under pressure to prosecute Comey and New York Attorney General Letitia James.

Despite career prosecutors warning in a memo that Comey should not be charged, Halligan presented the case to the grand jury days after assuming office.

Former FBI Director James Comey speaks at Harvard Kennedy School with Harvard's Eric Rosenbach on February 24, 2020 in Boston, Massachusetts. (Photo by Paul Marotta/Getty Images)
Former FBI Director James Comey speaks at Harvard Kennedy School with Harvard's Eric Rosenbach on February 24, 2020, in Boston, Massachusetts (Paul Marotta/Getty Images)

At a hearing earlier this month, Fitzpatrick criticized the government’s approach, saying that prosecutors allegedly appeared to have pursued an “indict first, investigate later” strategy.

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