Judge bars detentions, tear gas use against peaceful protesters in Minneapolis immigration operation
MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA: A US district judge on Friday, Jan 16, ruled that immigration officers participating in a large-scale enforcement operation in the Minneapolis–St Paul area cannot detain or deploy tear gas against peaceful protesters who are not obstructing law enforcement- even if those individuals are closely observing agents’ actions.
US District Judge Kate Menendez issued the ruling in response to a lawsuit filed last month on behalf of six Minnesota activists who have been monitoring ICE and US Border Patrol activity during the Trump administration’s expanded immigration crackdown in the Twin Cities.
HOW ITS GOING: Same protester was sprayed with pepper spray. He can be seen using copious amounts of water to try and stop the effect. https://t.co/Ocjrc2uhC4 pic.twitter.com/rwbMrBBpYR
— FRONTLINES TPUSA (@FrontlinesTPUSA) January 16, 2026
Court draws clear line between observation and obstruction
In her decision, Menendez emphasized that merely following or observing federal agents when done safely and without interference does not give officers legal grounds to stop, detain or arrest individuals.
“Safely following agents at an appropriate distance does not by itself, create reasonable suspicion to justify a vehicle stop,” the judge wrote.
The ruling also prohibits officers from detaining drivers or passengers unless there is reasonable suspicion they are obstructing law enforcement activities.
Arrests, the court said, must be supported by probable cause or clear evidence of interference.
ICE brutally detain U.S. citizen community volunteer—kneel on his neck in violation of Minnesota law.
— LongTime🤓FirstTime👨💻 (@LongTimeHistory) January 12, 2026
Agents shatter car window and violently drag him out—pointing pepper spray.
Man is well known observer—seemingly targeted by ICE.
After George Floyd murder—it is not legal to… pic.twitter.com/Yz8lHyJLYt
Menendez further barred officers from using tear gas against peaceful demonstrators who are not actively impeding enforcement actions.
The six activists bringing the case are represented by the American Civil Liberties Union of Minnesota, which has accused federal authorities of violating the constitutional rights of residents by detaining observers and protesters without legal justification.
Homeland security pushes back
The Department of Homeland Security responded swiftly, with Assistant Secretary Tricia McLaughlin defending the actions of federal officers involved in the operation.
“Our agency is taking appropriate and constitutional measures to uphold the rule of law and protect our officers and the public from dangerous rioters,” McLaughlin said in a statement.
She claimed officers have faced assaults, vandalism of federal vehicles and property and deliberate attempts to interfere with enforcement operations.
“We remind the public that rioting is dangerous, obstructing law enforcement is a federal crime and assaulting law enforcement is a felony,” she added in a statement to Newsweek.
Related lawsuit still pending
Menendez is also overseeing a separate lawsuit filed earlier this week by the state of Minnesota and the cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, which seeks to halt the immigration enforcement operation altogether.
At a hearing on Wednesday Jan 14, the judge declined to grant an immediate temporary restraining order, though she acknowledged the seriousness of the constitutional issues raised.
“What we need most of all right now is a pause,” Assistant Attorney General Brian Carter told the court. “The temperature needs to be lowered.”
Menendez said the case raises “enormously important” legal questions but noted that some issues lack clear precedent.
She ordered both sides to submit additional legal briefs next week before the court considers further action.
